Paper making



July 23, 1935.

W. P. MCCORKINDALE PAPER MAKING Filed April 4, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet l nll/ /l ww Sw I.- 2 n.: ill- INVENT OR.

ATTORNEY.

MMT

-l w m Nf L@ July 23, 1935- w. P. MccoRKlNDALE 2,009,184

PAPER MAKING Filed April` 4, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENT OR.

ATTORNEY.

July 23, 1935. w. P. MccoRKlNDALE 2,009,184

PAPER MAKING Filed April 4, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INV EN 1 OR.

BY m50/@4.

ATTORNEY.

Patented July 23, 1935 PAPER MAKING William I. McCorkindale, South Hadley Falls, Mass., assignor of one-half to The McCorkindale Company, Holyoke, Mass., a corporation of Massachusetts and one-half to American Writing Paper- Company, Inc., Holyoke, Mass., a corporation of Delaware Application April 4, 1934, Serial No."718,971

13 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in the paper-making art and is directed more particularly 4to improvements in apparatus for making paper, the process thereof and the product pro# duced thereby.

One-important object of the invention is ther provision of a novel apparatus and process for making paper which simulates handmade paper, that is, paper having deckled edges. The novel features of the invention are carried out by the provision of an apparatus consisting of a novel combination and arrangement of parts adapted for carrying out the novel process.

Another object ofthe invention is the provision of an apparatus which embodies a paper-forming member having a foraminous surface on which paper-making material is deposited and according to the invention the sheet so formed is then transferred to a carrier that is conveyed into a drying device. In this way, successive separate sheets are formed which are delivered to successive carriers, all to the end that a substantiallyl continuous process is possible, thus facilitating efliciency in, and economy of, manufacture.

According to another1 feature of the invention, it is possible to form sheets of various shapes. For instance, a sheet may be made in the form of an envelope blank which, when folded up, will produce an envelope having deckled edges. Or, in

. another way, sheets may be formed having cutouts of variousdesigns with deckled edges, thus making it possible'to produce many and various novel and artistic effects.

According to a further feature of the invention, means is provided for producing watermarks which appear relatively darker or lighter than the main body of the paper.

Various and numerous other novel objects and advantages of the apparatus and process of the invention will be hereinafter more fully referred to in connection with the accompanying description of the preferred form of the invention, which for purposes of disclosure is illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein:

Fig. l is a side elevational ,view of an apparatus embodying the novel features of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of theY apparatus shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an elevational sectional View on the line 3-3 of Fig. l.

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional View on the line 4--4 of Fig. 2. Y

Fig. 5 is an elevational view of one of the carriers forming a part of the apparatus.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the receiving member Fig. 8 is an elevational view of a part of the control mechanism. v

Fig. 9 is a partial sectional and elevational View to show .the construction of the valves for controlling the suction through the apparatus.

Fig. 10 is a sectional view on the line Ill-I0 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 1l is a similar sectional view on the line lI-II of Fig. 9.

Fig. 12 is a sectional elevational view showing the making member and receiving member with a carrier therebetween and a sheet of paper transferred from the making member to the carrier.

Fig. 13 is a partial inverted plan View of the making member.

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary elevational view showing certain details of construction, and

Fig. 15 is a fragmentary plan view of a foraminous vsurface showing watermarking means associated therewith.

Referring now to the drawings more in detail, the invention will be fully described. It will be understood that the invention is adapted for broad application and that in referring to a sheet of paper a blank of any form or shape formed on the making member is meant.

The apparatus consists of a bed 2 suitably supported by uprights 4 and which has on one end a stuff vat 6 and on its other end a receiving member 8. A stock chest or stuff box is represented at I0 from which, as by a conduit I2, paper-making material or stuff ows vinto the vat 6.

A paper-forming platen or member indicated generally by I4 is arranged to move from a posivtion over the stuif vat 6 to a position over the receiving member 8. A carrier C is disposed on the receiving member to receive a sheet from the foraminous surface of the making member. Carriers are successively disposed over the receiving member and successive sheets are carried by the making member over onto said carriers, all as will hereinafter morev fully appear.

The stuff vat may be of any convenient formV but in the embodiment of the invention shown it is circular and it has an overflow channel 1 therearound. A motor has a shaft 22 which extends upwardly through the conduit l2 into the stuff vat 6 and carries on its upper end` an agitator which may include a plurality of arms24.

As the shaft 22 rotates, the .arms 24 agitate the paper stock in the vat and any overow is accommodated by the overflow channel 1. In this way, it is possible to deliver to the vat the desired and required amount of paper-making material and agitate it properly so that the papermaking bers are taken on by the paper-forming member in a. well-felted relation to thereby produce strong, durable paper of uniform texture. The movable paper-forming member or platen I4 will now be described with reference to Figs. 3, '7 and 12.

A hollow box-like member 30 has on its lower side a perforated plate 32 over which is disposed a suitable covering 34 of wire cloth or the like to provide a foraminous paper-making surface. A flexible conduit 36 extends from the member 30 to a valve 31 which is connected as by pipe 38 to a suction pump 40. When the foraminous surface is over lthe vat 6 the valve 31 is open so that paper-making material is drawn onto the foraminous face 32 by suction. This valve is opened and closed as will hereinafter appear.

The receiving member .as shown in Figs. 2, 4, 6 and 12 consists of a receptacle 40 having a perforated plate 42 thereover on which is disposed a covering screen or wire cloth 44 to provide a foraminous surface. This member 30 is in all its important respects similar to the member |4. A pipe 46 connects this member 30 with a control valve 41 which, like the valve 31, is connected to the suction pump 40 and is arranged and operated to place the member 30 in commu-` nication with the suction pump at the proper time.

The member I4 is carried by forward and rear transverse rails 48 and 50.y At ,each end of the rail 50 ron its under side, as shown in Fig. I3, there is provided a pair of wheels 52 and 54. On the under side of each end of the rail 48, as shown in Fig. 13, there are provided wheels 56 and 58. The wheels `56 and 54 are preferably in alignment, as shown. The wheels 52 ride on tracks 60 While the wheels 54 and 56 ride on tracks 62, there being a track 60 and a track 62 on each side of the bed plate as shown in Fig. 2.

Tracks 64 are provided just inside the tracks' 62 and adjacent the receiving member 8 on which the wheels 58 roll when the forming mem-v ber I4 approaches .the said receiving member.r 'Ihe tracks 60 and 62 adjacent their right-hand paper-making material in the vat.

Operating means such as chains 10 have their opposite ends secured to the rails 48 and 50 of the making member I4 and they pass over idlers 1| at the left-hand end of the frame and driving sprockets I2 at the opposite end thereof. These sprockets 12 are carried by a shaft 14 journalled in suitable bearings 16. The shaft 14 is oscillated, as will later appear, so that the chains reciprocate the member I4 back and forth between the vat 6 and the receiving member 8.

As has been stated, when the member I4 is over the vat the Wheels enter the depressions 65 in the tracks so that the foraminous face is submerged in the paper-making material. As the member |4 Atravels from the vat 6 to its position over the receiving member 8 it rst elevates slightly as it leaves the vat because the wheels ride out ofthe depressions. Other depressions or seats 61 are provided in the tracks 60 and 62 adjacent the receiving member 8 so that the member I4 is lowered slightly as it arrives at its position over the receiving member 8.

As the forward end of the member I4 meets the right hand side of the receiving member 8in order that the forward wheels or rollers 56 will not enter the depressions 61 of the rails 62, the wheels 58 ride on the tracks 64. As the member I4 arrives in position directly over the receiving member 8, however, the wheels 58 pass beyond the tracks 64 so that the other wheels may enter the depressions, whereby the member I4 may settle down.

A shaft extendingtransversely of the machine adjacent the right-hand side of the receiving member 8 carries sprockets 82 which support endless chains 84. These chains 84 extend through a dryer and pass4 over idlers 86 at the left-hand end thereof.. The chains may be constructed, as shown in Fig. 14, and have pivo-ted to lugs 9| thereof the trunions 93 of carriers C. The lugs 9| are arranged in spaced relation along the chains which serve a a conveyor for the carriers.

'I'he carriers C preferably consist of a frame or support 88 to which is secured in some suitable manner a yporous member 89. Such a member may consist of woven fabric, screen cloth, or.

the like. At least one of the chains is also provided with lugs such as 92 and a dog 94 is piv- As the member I4 is moved from the vat to the receiving member 8, the dog 94 engages a lug of the chain 84 so as to move the same along in a step-by-step manner. The parts are so arranged that one of the carriers C is moved up and over onto the receiving member 8 wherefore there will be a carrier on the receiving member to receive the sheet from the foraminous face at each forward movement thereof.

The dryer 9 may consist of an enclosure having side, end and upper walls |02, |04, and |06. A suitable temperature is maintained in the drying compartment for the drying operation. Preferably the temperature will range from 75 to F., to insure proper drying of the sheets carried by the carriers Without injury thereto.

The heat for the dryer may be supplied by a steam coil or coils, electric heaters or by any other convenient apparatus,

As will be seen, the carriers C are deposited successively on the receiving member 8 from which they pass through the dryer and are returned again to the receiving member. At the end of the drier the paper sheets thereon are removed.

'A transverse spray pipe ||0 is provided for spraying water onto the carriers to remove therefrom any particles of the paper sheets. A ridge ||2 as shown in Fig. 1 is provided so that as the carriers pass thereover they are caused to assume a more or less horizontal position beneath this spray pipe ||0. l

The foraminous surface of the member I4 as shown in Fig. 7 may have a portion blanked oif in any suitable way as at 35 to provide an open paper-forming section which in the case shown is in the shape of an envelope blank. Of course,

the surface may be blanked off in other ways to provide sheets of various forms and sizes having cut-outs, openings or other configurations therein.

A pair of elevating bars ||4 are disposed at opposite longitudinal sides of the receiving member 8 en which the side edges of the carriersC and the chains 84 rest. These bars are moved up and down as will presently be described to move the carriers upwardly from the face of the :receiving member 8. As the carriers vare thus moved from off the face of the -receiving member they will not drag on the face as they are moved thereacross by the chains. To accomplish this the following is provided.

Guides ||6 adjacent opposite ends of the bars I|4 are reciprocable in bearings II8 associated with the bed 2. v(See Fig. 4.) Levers 120 are pivoted to brackets |22, fixed as shown to the under side of the bed 2, and have one end pivotally connected by links |24 to the members I I6. 'I'heir other ends are connected to the inner ends of a lever |26 which is pivoted as shown to a bracket |28. The outer ends of the levers |26 are secured to a tie member |30 which is moved up and down.

As the member |30 moves up and down by means of the levers and links described, the bars ||4 are moved up and down. A thruster device |32, which may be in the form of a solenoid, has an armature |34 connected to the bar |30 and as the armature is reciprocated the bar |30 is raised and lowered. There is a set of connections such as described at opposite ends of the members |I4 and |30 with the thruster device intermediate the ends of the member |30.

It has been explained how the member I4 is disposed over the stuff vat and takes on its foraminous surface the paper-making material and then moves forwardly over the receiving member which has a carrier disposed over its foraminous surface so that the paper sheet is deposited o-n the carrier. The chains 84 which carry the carriers in turn convey the carriers successively through the drying compartment and back again. 1

The valves 31 and 41 are so constructed and operated that the member I4 is under the influence of the suction pump 40 while it is over the vat 6 for taking on the paper-making material and While it is traveling to a position over the receiving member. When over the receiving member 8, suction is cut off from the member and the receiving member is then under the influence of the suction pump. By the action of suction a paper sheet of the member 8 is transferred therefrom to a carrier and then after the member I4 has returned to the vat the suction is cut off from the y watermarking portion W and a part W' is atreceiving member 8.

A spray pipeV |20 extends across the bed plate and is so arranged that as the member I4 returns from the receiving member 8 to the vat, it-is sprayed with water to wash any papermaking material from its foraminous surface and provide a clean paper-making surface. The parts are operated in proper timed relation by -means of the following. I y

A motor |30 is provided which operates a gear-reduction |32 of any well-known form. A shaft |34 from the gear box carries pulleys |36, |38 anda crank |40. The crank |40 is connected by a rod |42 to a rack |44 reciprocable in bearings I46 which meshes with a driven gear |48 of a shaft |50. A sprocket |52 on the shaft |50 is connected by achain |54-to a sprocket |56 of shaft 14. In this way the shaft 14 is oscillated to move the member I4 back and forth as described.

A pulley |58 is driven by means of a belt |60 passing over the pulley |38 and is iixed to a shaft |62 which operates the movable plugs of the valves 31 and v41. Thus the valves are opened and closed to bring the member I4 and receiving on the foraminous surfacemember 8 under the influence of the suction pump at the proper time.

Water sprayed by the spray pipe |20 is preferably controlled by means of an electrically operated valve |64 of usual form. A disc |66 is fixed to a shaft |68v rotatable in bearings |10 and I1I. The shaft |68 is driven by means of a pulley |12.and belt |14 which engages pulley |36.

A photo-electric relay |14' is connected to the thruster |32 and a slot |16 in disc |66 permits light rays from a light as shown to pass therethrough to actuate the photo-electric relay, the light being energized as from a battery. |18. An arm |88 on one side of the disc |66 is in alignment with a member |82 on the other side thereof so that current may fiow therebetween through a contact member |8| of the disc |66. The members |80 and |82 are connected to the source of energy by lines |88 and |90.

By means of the mechanism described thc thruster is operated to operate the elevating mechanism in'proper timed relation.

As the member I4 is over the vat 6, the valve 31 is opened so that the member is under the influence of the suction pump. In this Way, pa.- per-making material is taken on by the member to form a sheet. The making member then moves from its position over the vat to its position over a carrier on the receiving member. During this movement of the member, the chainsA 84 are urged along to remove a carrier from off the receivingv member and place another one thereon. As the carriers vare removed from off and moved over onto the receiving member the' chains and carriers are elevated by the rails ||4 so the carriers Will not drag on the foraminous face of the receiving member. 4

When' the making member is over the carrier on the receiving member, valves 31 and 41 are .operated so that the receiving mold is under the action of the suction means while the making member is cut from thepump. This is' so that the paper formed on the making member is transferred to the carrier. Then the member returns to its position over the vat 6 and as it passes over spray pipe |20,` the foraminous face of the member is sprayed to remove particles of paper-mak-l ing material and the like.

In Fig. 15 there is shown a plan view of a portion of the foraminous face ofthe making member wherein a portion is depressed to provide a vbody of the paper or less density and a lighter watermark.

While I have described the invention in great detail and with respect to a preferred form thereof, it is not desired to be limited thereto since many changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe invention. What it is desired to claim and secure by Letters Patent of the United States 1. The process of making paper which consists tion to form a sheet, transferring the sheet by suction to a carrier and in subjecting said carrier to the action of heatl for drying said sheet. 3. The process of making paper which consists in, successively depositing paper-making material on a foraminous surface by suction to form separate successive sheets, transferring said sheets, to separate successive carriers by suction and in subjecting said carriers to heat for drying said sheets.

4. The process of making paper which consists in, successively .depositing paper-making material on a foraminous surface by suction to form separate successive sheets, transferring said sheets to separate successive carriers by suction and in subjecting said carriers to heat for drying said sheets, the drying temperature ranging from 75 to 105 F;

5. A paper-making machine comprising in combination, a vat for paper-making material, a receiving member, a plurality of carriers for resting on said member, a making member having a f-oraminous face which is movable between said vat and a position where it overlies a carrier on said receiving member, suction means for said making member, suction means associated with said receiving member for transferring paper from said foraminoussurface to a carrier, and means controlling said suction means whereby suction is applied to the foraminous surface while it is over said vat and to said receiving member while it is over a carrier on said receiving member.

6. A paper-making machine comprising in combination, a vat for paper-making material, a receiving member, a plurality of carriers for resting on said member, a making member having a foraminous surface which is movable between said vat and a position where it overlies a carrier on said receiving member, suction means for said making member, suction means associated with said receiving member for transferring paper from said making member to a carrier, means controlling said suction means whereby suction is applied to the making member while it is over said vat and to said receiving member while the making member is over a carrier on said receiving member and conveying means for said carriers.

'7. A paper-making machine comprising inv combination, a vatfor paper-making material, a receiving member, a plurality of carriers for resting on said member, a making member having a foraminous paper-making face which is movable between said vat and a position where v,it overlies a carrier on said receiving member,

suction means for said members, means controlling said suction means whereby suction is applied to the making member while it is over said vat and to said receiving member while the making member is over a carrier on said receiving member, conveying means for said carriers and a drying compartment for said conveyor.

8`. A paper-making machine comprising in combination, a vat for paper-making material,

a receiving member, a plurality of carriers for resting on said receiving member, a making member having a paper-making face which is movable between saidvat and a position where it overlies a carrier on said receiving member, suction means for said members, means controlling said suction means whereby suction is applied to the making member while it is over said vat and to said receiving member while the making member is over a carrier on said receiving member, conveying means for said carriers, a drying compartment receiving said conveyor and carriers, and means to move said carriers successively onto the receiving member.

9. A paper-making machine comprising in combination, a vat for paper-making material, a receiving member, a plurality of carriers for resting on said receiving member, a member having a paper-making foraminous surface which is movable between said vat and a position where it overlies a carrier on said receiving member, spraying means for said foraminous surface, suction means for said members, means controlling said suction means operable to place the making member under the influence of suction while it is over the vat and to place the receiving member underthe inuence of suction when the making member-is over the receiving member and means to operate the spraying means as the making member moves from the receiving member to the vat.

10. A paper-making machine comprising in combination, a vat for paper-making material, an agitator therein, a receiving member, a plurality of carriers for resting on said receiving member, a making member having a paper-making face which is movable between said vat and a position where it overlies a carrier on said receiving member, suction means for said members, and means controlling said suction means whereby suction is applied to the making member while it is over said vat and to said receiving member while the making member is over said receiving member.

11. A paper-making apparatus characterized by a paper-making member movable from a supply of paper-making material to a station where successive separate carriers are positioned lto receive paper formed on said member, and

means for transferring paper from said member to a carrier;

12. A paper-making apparatus comprising in combination, a vat, a receiving member, a making member, a plurality of carriers for overlying said receiving member, means movably supporting said making member to facilitate movements thereof between said receiving member and vat and to lower said making member as it is positioned over said receiving member and vat, and means to transfer paper formed on said making member to said carriers.

13. A paper-making apparatus comprising in combination, a receiving member, a vat, a making member movable between said vat and recoiving means having a paper-making face, means to moveY successive carriers onto said receiving member, means to move said making member between said vat and receiving member and means f WILLIAM P. MCCORK]' `[\1Dy ALE. 

